Coverage of lenses - what you need read before you start to write

So many adapters are popping up for the Fuji gfx, for lenses from systems with similar, bigger and smaller frames. So many people are venting their opinions on this and frankly, they need to read up a bit on what coverage is before advocating this or that. I hope to bring some sanity to this debate.

Lenses and their image circle

If you point the front of a photographic lens towards a light source and the back to a shady area, it will (unless shaded off by a square shade) produce a circular bright area behind it. If you keep the lens at its intended flange to film distance, you will get a circle that is big enough to fit its frame size. It will also have a certain margin, how much depends on the type of lens, but also on the quality of the lens. In general, a cheaper lens will have a smaller circle than a more expensive lens and a zoom or a lens that focuses by moving the whole optics backwords and forward will have a variable sized circle.

Image circle is usually nothing the small- or medium format photographer has to have his mind on, since the lenses are built to cover the frame of the camera they fit to or it will be pretty obvious that only the center of the image has any picture in it, like with a Nikon dx lens on an fx camera.  For the large format photographer, on the ohter hand, the image circle is just another variable to consider when to use or buy a lens, much like a small frame photographer knows what focal length or aperture he wants. A lens that works perfectly for macro work, may never cover his film at infinity and if he want to tilt or shift he may have to stop down or switch to a lens with a wider coverage. When it comes to adapting lenses to the 44x33 senser, its pretty much the same.

What does people say and why is it irrelevant enough for me to write this article?

A lot of people argue that:

1. Bigger format lenses never produce as good images when used on a smaller framed camera since since some of its resolution is wasted outside the frame
2. Optics for smaller frames are never as good when used for a bigger frame since the image circle is too small
3. Adapted lenses are never any good, since they have two mounts and thus, can never be stable enough

For a gadget geek that want the best specs on his gears for its own sake, these may be kind of relevant arguments, but for a photograper they are not. A photographer don't care if the resolution is higher than she or he needs or the microcontrast is better than needed (rather the other way around in that case) or if the lens in sharper in the center or in the corner then the next lens if there is no need for top nodge sharpness for the intended shot. What the photographer is looking for is reliable gear that produces repeatable results and freedom of choice.

I'll go through the above cases and tell you why these are all valid choices.

1.
a: Sometimes one dont need all the resolution to achieve the goal of the shot
b: Sometimes a lower resolution lens actually produces a more pleasant images, with an adapter you can get it from now instead of waiting for fuji to release a soft focus lens
c: Sometimes one wants to tilt or shift, use rise or fall or even shift the image. Then bigger coverage is simply needed, but there are no tilt/shift lenses available for the gfx as of yet, only adapters
d: Sometimes the lens formula was optimized for a smaller frame, but was found to work on a bigger one too and thus sold like such a lens

2.
a: Sometimes the lens formula was optimized for a bigger frame, but was found to work well on a smaller frame as well and thus sold like such a lens
b: Sometimes one is looking the loss of micro contrast or light in the corners the produce a better portrait frame or making the viewer turn her eyes to an object frame in the middle.
c: Sometimes one dont intend to use the optics wide open and the smaller lens has perfect coverage stopped down.

3: Just google some large format images. Allmost all of them uses a lot looser mounts than a medium format camera with even a series of adapters. This is not a problem if you handle it right.

So are the adapters any good?

They are like any other gear, if you know how to use them and play at their strengths, they will give you more options. If you what those options provide, they are the tools that makes is possible for you to take the photo you want to. If you try to use them for every thing, you may end up with them preventing you from doing just that.

Conclusion

Most people that spend the amount of money that a modern medium format camera costs are usually in one of two categories of people, the rich gadget geek group or the photographers group.

If you are in the former, you may feel better off with only the fuji lenses for the GFX.

If you are a photographer, you most likely know when and why you need an adaper. Go get it!

If you are just in it for the debate, clearly state whome of the above groups of people your advocacy is intended for!

Appeal to Fujifilm regarding the camera to be released soon

According to fujirumors.com, a site with a great trackreckord of publishing specs on to be released Fujifilm stuff, there is an upcoming camera with the missleading name of x-e3.

This great little camera, to be released very soon, is sadly not the next camera in the x-e line.
Why?

• It will have a touch screen replacing several of the much needed buttons that can be assigned for direct access to useful features for photography.
  
• New imporvement focuses on stuff that makes the camera more like a mainstream Sony trinket than a photographers tool. 

This will make the camera appeal well to the marketing department of Fujifilm and hopefully make Fujifilm a lot of money,  which is fine and well. But please don't forget that the photographers who bought your x-e1 and x-e2, we were overjoyed by eventually finding a small tool that walks and talks like a camera and takes pictures like a camera. We were quick to abandon feature burdened toys with great specs and big DSLR:s of other brands once you provided us that. It made us into better photographers and it directed our money away from your competitors into your coffins.

Please Fujifilm, even if you can't afford to keep making cameras for us, at least don't shove it up our behinds! If you want to make an x-m2, fine, but please name it so and let the x-e line lay in wait for better times to come!

The camera is not released yet, there is still time to fix this.

roos@swedish.photography on Fujifilmstuff

Printing on linen

A friend of mine once got a test pack with a single sheet of Argenta coated linen cloth. We printed one of his negatives on it and it looked amazing. Ever since we have had the label hanging on the inside of the door of our paper storage:

We have been looking for this photoleinen L everywhere with no success. There is not a single pack on ebay, not even in the sold items section.

But one day Macodirect found some old products in one of their warhouses. Amongst them was MACO structura LUX photolinen.

After some searching on the internet i found this fact sheet on Tech Chat. I went ahead and asked Maco how much they had and got a fair price for the lot.

Now im starting to learn how to use it. Either we were very lucky with our single Argenta print or the Maco linen is a lot harder to work with. There are several traps to avoid with this paper, but once you know of them it produces wonderfull prints and i plan to use them for my next exhibition.

Pitfall 1 - The emulsion doesn't like water! 

When kept in any fluid for too long, it forms blobs that sticks out from the cloth like warts. When dried the warts withdraws into the emulsion, but are still visible as low contrast spots. The solution is to be quick. With strong developer, fresh stop, two bath fixer, hca and a quick rinse is however not a problem. Just be quick about it!

Pitfall 2 - The surface is not even

Getting things in focus is very hard. One have to remember that the focuscope shows the focus of the top of the cloth. One sees a lot more than that. Compensate and stop down!

Pitfall 3 - The emulsion is thick and prone to melt

When drying the linen one have to keep two things in mind. Be quick about it to keep the warts mentioned above to form and keep track of the temperature. Drying it hanging in the film dryer works fine, but it will be hard to get the print flat after that short of steam ironing it on a very low temperature (backside). Leaving it on the grid is too slow (warts) but they keep a little more flat. So for air drying i go with one stint in the film dryer until they are half way dry and then put them on the grid over night. Then i can get them flat in the mounting press by turning the heater on for one minute and then just leave them there for an hour or so until they have reached room temprature again. If i want glossy prints i leave the heater on for 5 minutes instead.

Pitfall 4 - Not every negative suits to be printed on cloth

As with any paper, it suits its own sets of motives. Its just more obvious with cloth. Gloomy stuff look great, so do trees while lots of details tend to get mixed up with the woven structure of the cloth. 

So what does it look like?

Well, you are welcome to see the results on my upcoming exhibition late spring. But here is one of the first prints that are considered for the wall.

Memorial grove of Skogskyrkogården with fuji gx680 and the fujinon 125/3.2@5.6. Printed on linen cloth and slighly hand coloured.

Another print of the same negative with the focus deeper into the cloth and a few minutes selenium toning.

Part 2: New cheap batteries for the gx680

Since my last post on the subject, i have also been testing out two other battery convertions with 5 and 6 aa cells. A six cell aa conversion with 2600mAh 1.2v aa cells gives a whole lot of juice. Further more, one can quick charge them with the original gx680 mk1 power house of a charger.

However, AA rechargeables are bad in cold weather. At about 0 degrees celsius both kinds of expensive rechargeable cells i tried ran out in a few hours with the meter viewfinder turned on, whereas the nominally weaker pentax batteries lasted for 3h each. Indoors, the six cell pack lasts the whole night, though.

The 5 AA holder, on the other hand, is a super backup when im out in the field, any store has disposable AA:s if i would run out of batteries. (I don't want to test the 6 aa holder with 1.5v batteries since it measures 9.8v with new 1.5v disposables).

Anyway, if you want to build a 5 or 6 cell battery, you can pretty much follow the instructions for the pentax conversion. Just remember to remove the resistor. You can get 5 cell and 6 cell holders on ebay.

So what conversion is best?

That depends on if you are converting one or two batteries and on whether you plan to use the camera in the field in cold weather or not.

My recommendation are as follows:

A: If you have only one battery to convert, go for the pentax conversion! Those batteries work well both in the field and indoors and you can recharge one while you use another one. If you are on a roadtrip, you can also use the 12v car plug that comes with the charger. If you need more batteries later, they are cheap and you don't need to build anything new.

B: If you have two batteries to convert and only intend to use your gx680 indoors or never shoot in cold weather. Go for two 6-aa packs with 2600-2700mAh 1.2v rechargable cells, if you put the lid back on, they will look exactly like the original fuji batteries and you prevent someone to put six 1.5v disposables in them by accident.

C: If you have two batteris to convert and want to use the camera both in the field and in the studio. Go for one pentax conversion and one 5-aa conversion. Then you are super safe since you can buy disposables if all the pentax batteries should run out or you forgot to charge them. You could also go for a 6-pack and get a dummy battery, but i wouldnt risk someone (most likely me) putting almost 10v into my camera by loading six 1.5v batteries by misstake.

Part 1: New cheap rechargeable batteries for the gx680

Edit: If you prefer to use AA cells. Read Part 2! After having more and more of the original batteries for my gx680 failing over the last couple of years, i have now eventually fixed it. A few years ago, i modified a broken battery by replacing the cells with those of a pentax k10 battery. It has worked fine ever since and i now decided to make an adapter so that i can use those small and handy batteries directly instead of mounting the cells in the bulky gx680 holders. Here is what you need to get 6 batteries and a mount.

1. One dismantled original battery. It doesnt have to work, you need only bottom part to mount the new holder on the camera so that you dont have to modify the camera to fit the new batteries.
2. Two sets of pentax batteries + charger, available on ebay.
3. A soldering iron.
4. Hot-melt adhesive or some other suitable glue.
5. A drill with a drill bit of about 3mm.

Howto!

• Put one of the new batteries on charge with one of the new chargers.
• Dismantle the original battery and cut the wires away. If you want to be safe, keep the resistor, but i think its only needed for stopping the battery from overheating when charging with the original quick charger. You may get better capacity if you cut it away as well.
• Look at the battery mount on the camera, notice the third knob that looks like a connector. Measure out where the knob would be pushed by the original battery when connected to the camera. Drill a hole so that it doesn't push the knob. Test it by attaching the bottom. If it still pushes the knob or if it is hard to remove the bottom, then widen the hole until it works fine.
• Slide off the battery mount from the second new charger. Remove the bottom of the mount. Keep the part where you fit the battery and scrap the rest. Keep at least part of the wires, its hard to solder on the connector pins without melting the plastic. I replaced the wires in the new charger as i though they looked thin, but if id do it again i would at least try to use them anyway.
• Solder the wires + to + and - to - on the new holder to the original bottom plate.
• Test the camera with the charged battery! One of the following should happen: A: If you removed the resistor and the battery is fully charged, the camera should show a green led. I B: If you kept it, the led should be yellow (dont worry, you will still have lots of more juice in each battery than with the original ones). C: If only the lcd on the back shows the frame number, but the camera doesnt start, check your soldering! D: If nothing at all happens, double check that you soldered + to + and - to -. E: If the camera explodes, dont blame me! I have had one of these batteries working a few years without explosions.
• If everything works as expected, glue the new holder to the original plate!
• Charge all your six new batteries and go out shooting.

Kaizen wishes

Wishes

I made a kaizen wishlist for the x-pro2. The aim is to gather fixable shortcomings and possible uppgrades in one place. Please help out by suggesting more entries!

X-Pro2:
http://bit.ly/2ds4VrP
Ill create similar documents for the rest of the x series too and add links for them in this post.

X-T2: (This is a stub, i dont have this camera)
http://bit.ly/2dJ28HS

Thanks for participating!

What will the fujifilm medium format mirrorless camera be like?

Thanks, fujirumors, for sharing the rumour about an interchangable viewfinder for the hopefully upcoming Fujifilm mirrorless medium format. If true, this makes all the difference in the world for the camera and says so much more about what it is going to be like that i can almost give a shot at predicting it.

What the heck, ill give it a try.

(Its been released now, so how did i do? Find out at the bottom.

An interchangable viewfinder, what difference does it make?

When making an interchangeable viewfinder for an EVF camera one have two options. 

1. A detachable EVF.
2. A small sized amoled screen, much like an SLR focusing screen. Lets call it the EFS, electronic focusing screen.

Nr 1 has been used with quite low success but several mirrorless camera manufacturers. All the solutions were technology driven, expensive for the photographer and commercially rather unsuccessfull.

Nr 2 is an modern version of common solution from SLR world, but untried in a mirrorless camera. It is a lot cheaper, especially for a waist level finder that is nothing more than a foldable shade with a likewise foldable looking glass. For the eye-level viewfinder, prisms cost a bit more, but sometimes a cheap mirror may do the trick almost as good. If the EFS thingy is up-flippable within the eye-level finder it may in fact obsolete the prism all together.

With Fujifilm, a release of a new system always seems to come with a twist. Something novelle or quirky, sometimes brilliant, sometimes more or less pointless. I think its because most Fujifilm product lines start with an idea of how to improve or revive a certain aspect of photography with a new solution. It could be another new kind sensor pattern, moster tilt-shift medium formats, 6x8 frame size to fit magazine covers perfectly, reinventing instant photography, very short 120-films to suit drop-in studios, film simulations, yet another sensor pattern or another one again. Nothing has been predicted in the MMF rumours we have heard up until now.

I'd say Nr 2 would make this camera fit right into what to expect from a new Fujifilm product line. At the same time it makes the whole rumour of a MMF a lot more beleavable. It would also be the cheaper way to go and being cheaper than Hasselblad is kind of important here. 

The implications

With a focusing EVF on top of the camera, it will not look like the Hasselblad, the x-t1 or an x-pro2. It will look more like a SLR or a classic MF camera (of which there are many different designs, a bit more on that later).  Whatever they choose, the camera will be deeper than the Hasselblad that is a very thin camera being a medium format. That means that they can fit a focul plane shutter where the mirror would have gone in an SLR, without making it bulky. I know, Fuji do like their leaf shutters, but large leaf shutters are expensive and if you want to make them really fast, they are really expensive. They also make the lenses heavier. Another implication of a deeper camera is that the lenses can be shorter, since the sensor can be a bit further back and some of the focal length can be kept in the camera. I would love a telescopic tube or a TLR-like movable front behind the mount to keep the lenses down to large format size and even allow crude AF with adapted lenses, but i think the R&D and production cost of that would be a bit on the high side unless they come up with a super brilliant solution. I would rather expect a fixed register, something in the range of a regular small frame (D)SLR. Short enough to adapt most medium format lenses, but long enough to keep 44x33 covering optics rather small.

Interchangable viewfinders also limits where you can put the hot shoe and a pop-up the flash. We will most certainly not see a pop-up and the hot shoe may either be left out too, pushed to the left of the viewfinder or put in an unconventional place. Far left is is my guess.

Other conclutions

Sensor

Well, there is only one that would meet the requirements of being not to expensive and good enough. The Sony 50Mp 44x33mm one. Bayer or xtrans then? Rumours sais bayer and so does logic. Fuji will want to go with a perfect colour alternative here. Binning the 50Mp bayer would give true RGB on every pixel on 12,5Mp and a smart demosaicing algorithm would give twice the size with almost perfect RGB and almost 50Mp shapes. Then there is the problem with the current cost of a computer (and internal circuitry) that can demosaic an 50Mp xtrans file in bearable time. There is also the fact that a bayer sensor may still scare off less potential customers than an xtrans.
Bayer it is!

Interface

Fuji allready has a well tested interface of dials, knobs and buttons on the x system. I dont expect them to put resources into another one. We will propobly see the film simulations and most of the menu system duplicated as well. Then there is the question of the screen. If the camera is sold with the WLF as standard, its not impossible that they may skip the big screen in the back. However, i think the first release will be the premium model, a cheaper single screen may come later.

Touchscreen? Not yet, first they need to evaluate that on the cheaper x cameras.

Form factor

SLR-like, TLR-like, HB-like, P-67-like or even GA645-like? Well, i think they will keep the system specs so that they can build most of these in the future. However, for the first model i think its going to look a bit like the Reflex Beauty, but with a grip for the right hand. A small box to house the shutter inside and the EFS on top with a mount for the lens in front and another for the viefinder on the top. The box will most likely be a bit smaller since the 44x33 is smaller than the 55x55 of the beauty reflex. Maybe they will keep the electronic focusing screen at the modern standard 645 size of 56x42mm or their own 645 that is more like 55x43.5mm. Behind the box there would be a fixed back, with electronics, battery and memory card slots, with knobs, dials and buttons much like an x-pro2 or x-t2 and the same screen as them on the back.  All and all like if one would take an x-pro2 and put a small box in front of it and the viewfinder mount on top.

Ofcourse there will be cheaper models if the first one sells well enough. An HB 500c form factor or even a TLR-like camera, but with only one lens at the entry level are viable options in the future.

IBIS

The only reason why Fuji would implement IBIS would be that they were planning to go for a 645 sensor in a future genration so that the lenses were allready 645 prepared. That would actually make some sense here. But the do allready have in-house tech for OS lenses and IBIS is harder to implement the larger the sensor is. So its definetly a no anyway.

Lenses
Three lenses are rumoured to be first released. One normal and one portrait tele plus a wide to normal zoom.

Summary of my prediction compared to the real deal.

• Reflex Beauty style camera
  Not to bad. I didnt see the brilliant move of moving the grip of the camera forward to make it more balanced. But the box is there, just as predicted but its just visible on the back instead of the front.
  
• X system like handling and output
  Was pretty obvious.
  
• 50Mp 44x33 bayer sensor with True RGB binning option
  This is not clear as of yet. We still think bayer and they presented a few tricks of downsizing. More info on this later.
  
• Invention of the EFS, the electronic focusing screen
  Fail! It may still come on a future model.
  
• Small lenses compared to the ones of Hasselblad
  They are smaller, but not super small.
  
• Sadly no bellows, tube or other retractable mount
  Right, sadly enough!
  
• A bit thicker a body compared to the Hasselblad one, but smaller with most comparable lenses mounted
  Spot on!
  
• First body only slightly cheaper than Hasselblads, cheaper ones coming later
  First part is right at least, time will show if the second part is right.
  
• Neither touch nor flippable screen
  Half fail, with no WLF, the flippable screen has to be there. They didnt say anything about touch though.
  
• A focal plane shutter is slightly more likely than leaf shutters
  Right
  
• No IBIS
  Right
  
• Pop-up flash, no
  Right
  
• Hot shoe, far left on top of the camera
  Wrong, sort of. They have an odd hotshoe solution, but its on top of the viewfinder on the regular one. But with the angle finder, where is it then, is there none at all?
  
• Three lenses: Wide-normal zoom, normal and portrait tele primes.
  Kind of wrong. I don't think anyone see them anounce a six lens system.
  
• Weather resistant
  Right.

Oh, im gonna be so wrong...
Well, it could have been a lot worse. What was really wrong was the viewfinder construction and thus also the touchscreen. I'm pretty impressed with what i have seen of the system so far and hope for more (hopefully) cheaper bodies to be released in the future.

Thanks Fujifilm, for releasing such an impressive system!